{"id":895,"date":"2025-03-25T03:40:10","date_gmt":"2025-03-25T02:40:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/?p=895"},"modified":"2025-05-07T08:51:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T06:51:08","slug":"insurrection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/?p=895","title":{"rendered":"INSURRECTION"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a0<\/p>

INSURRECTION, s. f. (Hist. anc.<\/em>) on nommoit ainsi le droit de soulevement accord\u00e9 aux citoyens de Crete, lorsque la magistrature abusoit de sa puissance & transgressoit les lois. Alors il \u00e9toit permis au peuple de se soulever, de chasser ses magistrats coupables, de les obliger de rentrer dans la condition priv\u00e9e, & d\u2019en nommer d\u2019autres \u00e0 leur place[1]<\/a>.<\/p>

Une institution pareille qui permettoit la rebellion pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019abus du pouvoir, sembloit devoir renverser quelque r\u00e9publique que ce f\u00fbt ; elle ne d\u00e9truisoit pas cependant celle de Crete, parce que c\u2019\u00e9toit le peuple du monde qui avoit le plus d\u2019amour pour la patrie, & la force de ce grand principe l\u2019entra\u00eenoit uniquement dans ses d\u00e9marches[2]<\/a>. Ne craignant que les ennemis du dehors, il commen\u00e7oit toujours par se r\u00e9unir de ce c\u00f4t\u00e9-l\u00e0, avant que de rien entreprendre au-dedans, ce qui s\u2019appelloit syncr\u00eatisme<\/em>[3]<\/a>, & c\u2019est une belle expression.<\/p>

Les lois de Pologne ont de nos jours leur espece d\u2019insurrection<\/em>, leur liberum veto<\/em> ; mais outre que cette pr\u00e9rogative n\u2019appartient qu\u2019aux nobles dans les dietes, outre que les bourgeois des villes sont sans autorit\u00e9, & les paysans de malheureux esclaves ; les inconv\u00e9niens qui r\u00e9sultent de ce liberum veto<\/em>, font bien voir, dit M. de Montesquieu, que le seul peuple de Crete \u00e9toit en \u00e9tat d\u2019employer un pareil remede, tant que les principes de leur gouvernement resterent sains[4]<\/a>. Esprit des lois, liv. VIII. chap. 9<\/em>. (<\/em>D. J<\/em>.)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>

Note initiale.<\/strong> Le mot insurrection<\/em> n\u2019existe pas alors en fran\u00e7ais\u00a0: Jaucourt l\u2019emprunte \u00e0 Montesquieu (L\u2019Esprit des lois<\/em>, VIII, 9, cit\u00e9 ensuite), qui lui-m\u00eame l\u2019emprunte sans doute \u00e0 l\u2019anglais, afin de d\u00e9signer une institution propre \u00e0 la Cr\u00e8te antique : c\u2019est \u00e0 ce titre que l\u2019article rel\u00e8ve du domaine \u00ab Histoire ancienne \u00bb. Popularis\u00e9\u00a0 par le succ\u00e8s de L\u2019Esprit des lois <\/em>et par un tel r\u00e9emploi, le mot entre en 1771 dans le Dictionnaire <\/em>dit de Tr\u00e9voux<\/em>, qui reproduit le texte de Montesquieu, avant d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir avec la R\u00e9volution le sens plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral qui fait de l\u2019insurrection \u00ab\u00a0le plus sacr\u00e9 des droits et le plus indispensable des devoirs\u00a0\u00bb face \u00e0 un gouvernement qui \u00ab\u00a0viole les droits du peuple\u00a0\u00bb (constitution de l\u2019an I, article 35).<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

NOTES<\/h5>

[1]<\/a> Jaucourt omet de reproduire la source que Montesquieu signalait en note : Aristote, Politiques<\/em>, Pol<\/em>., II, x (1272b 1-7), qui est tr\u00e8s hostile \u00e0 cette disposition\u00a0; il ne reproduit pas non plus ses r\u00e9serves\u00a0: c\u2019\u00e9tait \u00ab\u00a0un moyen bien singulier\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>

[2]<\/a> Reprise fid\u00e8le, parfois litt\u00e9rale, de L\u2019Esprit des lois<\/em>.<\/p>

[3]<\/a> Reprise et glose d\u2019une note de Montesquieu, d\u2019apr\u00e8s Plutarque (\u00ab\u00a0De l\u2019amiti\u00e9 fraternelle\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0On se r\u00e9unissoit to\u00fbjours d\u2019abord contre les ennemis du dehors, ce qui s\u2019appelloit Syncretisme\u00a0\u00bb (translitt\u00e9ration par le traducteur, Amyot, du mot grec signifiant \u00ab\u00a0union, association des Cr\u00e9tois\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>

[4]<\/a> Cf. L\u2019Esprit des lois<\/em>, ibid<\/em>.<\/em>\u00a0<\/em>: \u00ab\u00a0Les Loix de Pologne ont aussi leur Insurrection. Mais les inconv\u00e9niens qui en r\u00e9sultent font bien voir que le seul peuple de Crete \u00e9toit en \u00e9tat d\u2019employer avec succ\u00e8s un pareil remede\u00a0\u00bb. En d\u00e9veloppant l\u2019usage (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement critiqu\u00e9) du liberum veto<\/em>, qui permet \u00e0 tout noble de s\u2019opposer aux r\u00e9solutions de la di\u00e8te du royaume, ce qu\u2019il explique de mani\u00e8re circonstanci\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019article Pologne, histoire et gouvernement de <\/em>(Hist. & Droit politique<\/em>)\u00a0<\/a>(t. XII, p. 931b ; voir aussi, du m\u00eame auteur, POSTPOLITE<\/span><\/span>,\u00a0(Hist. de Pologne.<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/a>, t. XIII, p. 173a), Jaucourt dilue la pertinence du rapprochement avec le cas cr\u00e9tois.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 INSURRECTION, s. f. (Hist. anc.) on nommoit ainsi le droit de soulevement accord\u00e9 aux citoyens de Crete, lorsque la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[32],"class_list":["post-895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe"],"authors":[{"term_id":32,"user_id":0,"is_guest":1,"slug":"catherine-volpilhac","display_name":"Catherine Volpilhac","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=895"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1994,"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/895\/revisions\/1994"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=895"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mots-de-diderot.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}